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The ''フランス語:mission civilisatrice'' (the French for "civilizing mission"; (ポルトガル語:Missão civilizadora)) is a rationale for intervention or colonization, proposing to contribute to the spread of civilization, mostly in reference to the Westernization of indigenous peoples. It was notably the underlying principle of French and Portuguese colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was influential in the French colonies of Algeria, French West Africa, and Indochina, and in the Portuguese colonies of Angola, Guinea, Mozambique and Timor. The European colonial powers felt it was their duty to bring Western civilization to what they perceived as backward peoples. Rather than merely govern colonial peoples, the Europeans would attempt to Westernize them in accordance with a colonial ideology known as "assimilation". ==Intellectual origins== The intellectual origins of the ''mission civilisatrice'' can be traced back the Christian tradition dating from the Middle Ages. European thinkers had naturalized social change by using the development metaphor. In the eighteenth century history became to be seen as an unilinear unending inevitable process of social evolutionism with the European nations running ahead.〔See Gilbert Rist,''Le développement. Histoire d'une croyance occidentale''.Chapter 2: «Les métamorphose d'un mythe occidental» , Paris 1996, pp. 48-80, engl. ''The History of development'' , 3rd edition 2008〕 Racists saw the "backward" nations as intrinsically incapable but the more "progressive" thinkers like the Marquis de Condorcet postulated a holy duty to help those peoples "which, to civilize themselves, wait only to receive the means from us, to find brothers among Europeans and to become their friends and disciples".〔Condorcet, ''Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progrès historique de l'esprit humain'', Paris: GF Flammarion, 1988, p. 269 (chapter 10)〕 Evolutionist views survived colonialism. Modernization theorists declared that traditional customs had to be destroyed, traditional societies had to adapt〔"Economic development of an underdeveloped people by themselves is not compatible with the maintenance of their traditional customs and mores. A break with the latter is a prerequisite to economic progress. What is needed is a revolution in the totality of social, cultural and religious institutions and habits, and thus in their psychological attitude, their philosophy and their way of life." J. L. Sadie, "The Social Anthropology of Economic Underdevelopment", ''The Economic Journal'', No. 70, 1960, p.302, quoted in: Gérald Berthoud, "Market" in: ''The Development Dictionary'', ed. by Wolfgang Sachs, London: Zed Books, 1992, pp. 70-87, citation pp. 72-73〕 or to disappear.〔On the disappearance of indigenous people as a 'price' for modernization see John H. Bodley, ''Victims of progress'', 3rd ed., Mountain View, Calif : Mayfield Pub. Co, 1990〕 Development criticism sees development therefore as continuation of the colonial civilizing mission. To become civilized has always meant to become 'like us', therefore "Civilizing" now meant that in the long run all societies had to become consumer societies〔Walt Rostow, ''The Stages of Economic Growth: A non-communist manifesto'', 1960. - on Rostow see Rist 1996, Chapter 6〕 and renounce their native traditions and habits. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「civilizing mission」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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